A tester is a bug catcher, a teammate, a (user) friend, a guiding light, an inspector, a scout, a thinker, a learner.
Requirements are what your stakeholders require to achieve their goals. Testers clarify and detail those needs.
Testability measures the ability to test. When it's easy, you get deeper and faster info about the product.
The test pyramid is a visual metaphor that groups tests into layers and recommends how many tests should exist in each of layers.
It is important that you and your team speak the same testing language. The most popular types are unit, integration, end-to-end and regression tests. Let me give you a brief explanation about each one.